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All 30 Flashcards — Population dynamics
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Question
What is crude birth rate (CBR)?
Answer
The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
💡 Hint
Births per 1,000 per year
Question
In a population pyramid, what does a wide base usually indicate?
Answer
A high birth rate (large proportion of young people).
💡 Hint
Base width = birth rate
Question
Name the three components of population change.
Answer
Births, deaths, and migration.
💡 Hint
Births + deaths + migration
Question
What is crude birth rate (CBR)?
Answer
The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
💡 Hint
Births per 1,000 per year
Question
In a population pyramid, what does a wide base usually indicate?
Answer
A high birth rate (large proportion of young people).
💡 Hint
Base width = birth rate
Question
Name the three components of population change.
Answer
Births, deaths, and migration.
💡 Hint
Births + deaths + migration
Question
In a population pyramid, what does a wide top suggest?
Answer
High life expectancy and an ageing population.
💡 Hint
Top width = life expectancy
Question
What does (CBR − CDR) represent?
Answer
Natural increase (the change due to births minus deaths, excluding migration).
💡 Hint
Births minus deaths
Question
What is crude death rate (CDR)?
Answer
The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
💡 Hint
Deaths per 1,000 per year
Question
What does (CBR − CDR) represent?
Answer
Natural increase (the change due to births minus deaths, excluding migration).
💡 Hint
Births minus deaths
Question
What is crude death rate (CDR)?
Answer
The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
💡 Hint
Deaths per 1,000 per year
Question
In a population pyramid, what does a wide top suggest?
Answer
High life expectancy and an ageing population.
💡 Hint
Top width = life expectancy
Question
How do you calculate natural increase rate (%) from CBR and CDR?
Answer
(CBR − CDR) ÷ 10 = annual % change (excluding migration).
💡 Hint
(CBR-CDR)/10
Question
What is an expansive (youthful) population pyramid?
Answer
A pyramid with a wide base and narrow top, showing high birth rates and rapid population growth (common in LICs).
💡 Hint
Wide base, narrow top
Question
How do you calculate natural increase rate (%) from CBR and CDR?
Answer
(CBR − CDR) ÷ 10 = annual % change (excluding migration).
💡 Hint
(CBR-CDR)/10
Question
What does doubling time tell you?
Answer
How long it would take for a population to double at its current growth rate.
💡 Hint
70 ÷ growth rate
Question
What is an expansive (youthful) population pyramid?
Answer
A pyramid with a wide base and narrow top, showing high birth rates and rapid population growth (common in LICs).
💡 Hint
Wide base, narrow top
Question
What does doubling time tell you?
Answer
How long it would take for a population to double at its current growth rate.
💡 Hint
70 ÷ growth rate
Question
What does total fertility rate (TFR) mean?
Answer
The average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive lifetime; replacement level is about 2.1.
💡 Hint
Average children per woman
Question
What is a constrictive (ageing) population pyramid?
Answer
A pyramid with a narrow base and wider middle/top, showing low birth rates and slow growth or decline (common in HICs).
💡 Hint
Narrow base, wider middle/top
Question
What does an expansive pyramid usually imply about future population?
Answer
Likely continued rapid growth due to a large cohort entering reproductive age.
💡 Hint
Youth bulge → future growth
Question
What does an expansive pyramid usually imply about future population?
Answer
Likely continued rapid growth due to a large cohort entering reproductive age.
💡 Hint
Youth bulge → future growth
Question
What is a constrictive (ageing) population pyramid?
Answer
A pyramid with a narrow base and wider middle/top, showing low birth rates and slow growth or decline (common in HICs).
💡 Hint
Narrow base, wider middle/top
Question
What does total fertility rate (TFR) mean?
Answer
The average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive lifetime; replacement level is about 2.1.
💡 Hint
Average children per woman
Question
What is dependency ratio and why does it matter?
Answer
The ratio of dependents (under 15 and over 65) to the working-age population (15–64). A high ratio increases economic pressure on workers and services.
💡 Hint
(Young+Old) vs Working-age
Question
Paper 1 tip: How should you describe population data?
Answer
State the trend (up/down), the rate of change, and any regional differences.
💡 Hint
Trend + rate + region
Question
What is dependency ratio and why does it matter?
Answer
The ratio of dependents (under 15 and over 65) to the working-age population (15–64). A high ratio increases economic pressure on workers and services.
💡 Hint
(Young+Old) vs Working-age
Question
Paper 1 tip: How should you describe population data?
Answer
State the trend (up/down), the rate of change, and any regional differences.
💡 Hint
Trend + rate + region
Question
How do you calculate doubling time?
Answer
Doubling time (years) = 70 ÷ growth rate (%).
💡 Hint
70 divided by growth rate
Question
How do you calculate doubling time?
Answer
Doubling time (years) = 70 ÷ growth rate (%).
💡 Hint
70 divided by growth rate
Read the notes
Full study notes for Population dynamics
Topic 8.1 hub
Human populations
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