Practice Flashcards
Flip to reveal answersDefine sustainable development.
Track your progress — Sign up free to save your progress and get smart review reminders based on spaced repetition.
All 20 Flashcards — Sustainability indicators
Sign up free to track progress and get spaced-repetition review schedules.
Question
Define sustainable development.
Answer
Improving lives today while ensuring future generations can also meet their needs, within environmental limits.
💡 Hint
Today + future + limits.
Question
Why is GDP per capita not enough for sustainability?
Answer
It ignores inequality and environmental impacts, so it cannot show whether development is sustainable.
💡 Hint
GDP misses environment/inequality.
Question
Define sustainable development.
Answer
Improving lives today while ensuring future generations can also meet their needs, within environmental limits.
💡 Hint
Today + future + limits.
Question
Why is GDP per capita not enough for sustainability?
Answer
It ignores inequality and environmental impacts, so it cannot show whether development is sustainable.
💡 Hint
GDP misses environment/inequality.
Question
Why is GDP per capita limited as a development measure?
Answer
It does not show inequality, environmental damage, or well-being beyond income.
💡 Hint
GDP misses key factors.
Question
What is the Gini coefficient used for?
Answer
Measuring income inequality (lower value means more equal).
💡 Hint
Lower = more equal.
Question
What is the Gini coefficient used for?
Answer
Measuring income inequality (lower value means more equal).
💡 Hint
Lower = more equal.
Question
Why is GDP per capita limited as a development measure?
Answer
It does not show inequality, environmental damage, or well-being beyond income.
💡 Hint
GDP misses key factors.
Question
Why do we use multiple indicators?
Answer
No single indicator shows the full picture, so we combine social, economic, and environmental measures.
💡 Hint
Multiple measures.
Question
Why do we use multiple indicators?
Answer
No single indicator shows the full picture, so we combine social, economic, and environmental measures.
💡 Hint
Multiple measures.
Question
What is an indicator?
Answer
A measure of one specific aspect of development or sustainability (social, economic, or environmental).
💡 Hint
One measure.
Question
What is an indicator?
Answer
A measure of one specific aspect of development or sustainability (social, economic, or environmental).
💡 Hint
One measure.
Question
What does HDI measure (3 parts)?
Answer
Life expectancy, education (years of schooling), and income per person.
💡 Hint
Health + education + income.
Question
HDI values range between what numbers?
Answer
0 to 1, where higher values indicate higher human development.
💡 Hint
0–1 scale.
Question
HDI values range between what numbers?
Answer
0 to 1, where higher values indicate higher human development.
💡 Hint
0–1 scale.
Question
What does HDI measure (3 parts)?
Answer
Life expectancy, education (years of schooling), and income per person.
💡 Hint
Health + education + income.
Question
For many environmental indicators, is higher or lower better?
Answer
Lower is usually better (pollution, emissions, extinction rate).
💡 Hint
Lower = better.
Question
What does PHDI add to HDI?
Answer
It adjusts for planetary pressures using CO2 emissions and material footprint, showing environmental cost of development.
💡 Hint
HDI minus environmental pressure.
Question
For many environmental indicators, is higher or lower better?
Answer
Lower is usually better (pollution, emissions, extinction rate).
💡 Hint
Lower = better.
Question
What does PHDI add to HDI?
Answer
It adjusts for planetary pressures using CO2 emissions and material footprint, showing environmental cost of development.
💡 Hint
HDI minus environmental pressure.
Read the notes
Full study notes for Sustainability indicators
Topic 1.4 hub
Sustainability
More from Topic 1.4
All flashcards in this topic
ESS exam skills
Paper structures & tips
Track your progress with spaced repetition
Sign up free — Aimnova tells you exactly which cards to review and when, so you remember everything before your IB exam.
Start Free